Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
Cathedral of Christ the Savior
Adjacent to the Moskva river and near the Kremlin, the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour was commissioned by Tsar Alexander I to honor those killed in the Napoleonic war of 1812. The Cathedral took many years to build and did not emerge from its scaffolding until 1860. Some of the best Russian painters of the time (Kramskoi, Surikov, Vereshchagin) continued to work on the interior for another 20 years. The Cathedral was finally consecrated in 1883. Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture debuted there the year before. At the time it was the largest Orthodox church in the world.
The Cathedral was destroyed in 1931 during Stalin’s regime, to make way for what would have been the world’s tallest building, the Palace of the Soviets. It took more than a year to clear the debris from the site. The original marble high reliefs were preserved and are now on display at the Donskoy Monastery. For many years they were the only reminder of the largest Orthodox church ever built.
The building to replace the Cathedral was never constructed. In 1960, on orders from Nikita Krushchev, an open-air swimming pool called Basin Moskva was built instead.
With the end of Soviet rule, the Russian Orthodox Church received permission to rebuild the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in 1990. Over a million Muscovites donated money to the project, and in 1994 the pool was demolished and the Cathedral reconstruction began. The lower church was consecrated in 1996, and the completed Cathedral of Christ the Saviour was consecrated in 2000. The cathedral square is graced by several chapels, designed in the same style as the Cathedral itself.
The first Russian President Boris Yeltsin, who died in 2007, lay in state in the Cathedral prior to his burial in Novodevichy Cemetery.
The Cathedral ’s location provides a wonderful bird’s eye view of Moscow.
St. Basil’s Cathedral
St Basil's Cathedral - Red Square - Moscow
The Cathedral was built 1555-1561 to commemorate Ivan’s the Terrible’s defeat of the Tatar City of Kazan. The statue in front of St. Basil’s dates from 1818, and portrays Minim and Pozharsky who drove Polish invaders out of Moscow in the early 1600’s. It was moved from the middle of Red Square in 1936 because it impeded the many parades that marched through the Square.
The Cathedral was named after Basil, one of Russia’s barefoot “holy fools” (the most famous one being Rasputin). Basil died while Kazan was still under siege.
The Kremlin – Moscow
The word “kremlin” means fortification, and there are many across Russia. However, “The Kremlin” always refers to the Kremlin in Moscow.
The history of The Kremlin goes back to the reign of the Great Prince Yuri of Kiev, considered to be the founder of Moscow. There is an equestrian statue, erected in 1954, on Tverskaya St. honoring the Great Prince. The white stone walls and towers of the Kremlin were erected in 1367 by Dmitry Donskoy. Totally rebuilt between 1485 and 1495, the Kremlin acquired its present appearance and dimensions.
At the beginning of the 18th century, Peter I moved the capital of Russia to St. Petersburg, but the coronation of Russian tsars continued to be held in Moscow. The Soviet government moved the capital back to Moscow in 1917, and the Kremlin became the seat of the highest state bodies, known as the “preserve,” where only those who lived or worked there were admitted.
Only since 1955 have the unique museums of the Kremlin become accessible to the public. The old cathedrals resumed religious services and the Kremlin bells, which had been silent for over 70 years, ring joyously throughout the area.
The Moscow Kremlin has been the residence of Russian tsars and hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church. Since 1992 it has been the residence of the President of the Russian Federation and his administration.
The Kremlin remains a unique monument of Russian culture and will always be a symbol of Russian statehood.
